E-scooter rules in Spain (2026)

Last reviewed: 9 October 2026

In short: Personal mobility vehicles (VMP) must be certified, registered with the DGT and carry an ID label and compulsory insurance. Riders must be 15 or older and wear a helmet, and may not ride on pavements.

RuleWhat applies
Use on public roadsPersonal mobility vehicle (VMP)Only approved models [1]
Minimum agePersonal mobility vehicle (VMP)15 years [2]
Helmet requiredPersonal mobility vehicle (VMP)Yes [2]
Insurance requiredPersonal mobility vehicle (VMP)Yes [3]
Plate or stickerPersonal mobility vehicle (VMP)Identification label with the registration number (format M 1234 BCD) on the rear, issued after registering with the DGT, plus the manufacturer's marking plate. [1]
Maximum speedPersonal mobility vehicle (VMP)6–25 km/h (design speed) [4]
Where to ridePersonal mobility vehicle (VMP)Streets and areas set by the municipality's ordinance. Never on pavements. Not allowed on motorways, dual carriageways, through-roads (travesías), other intercity roads or urban tunnels, except on cycle lanes and tracks and roads closed to motor vehicles, unless signed otherwise. [2]
Passengers allowedPersonal mobility vehicle (VMP)⚠ Not yet verified
Alcohol limitPersonal mobility vehicle (VMP)Same limits as other drivers: 0.5 g/l in blood or 0.25 mg/l in breath. Lower limits (0.3 g/l, 0.15 mg/l) apply to drivers in the first two years after getting a licence and to some commercial vehicle types. [5]

Notes

  • To ride, a VMP must have a circulation certificate, be registered with the DGT and show the identification label. VMPs sold before 22 January 2024 without a certificate may still be used until 22 January 2027 if registered as 'not certified'. After that date only certified VMPs may ride.
  • These are national rules. Cities set which streets and areas VMPs may use through local ordinances, which cannot contradict the national road regulations. Check your city's ordinance.
  • An approved or certified helmet, properly fastened. At night or in poor visibility riders also need a light or reflective item visible from 150 m. Required lighting during the day applies from 1 October 2027.
  • Compulsory third-party liability insurance applies to every VMP that is certified, registered and labelled. Minimum cover is 6,450,000 euros for personal injury and 1,300,000 euros for property damage per accident. The obligation applies from 2 January 2026.
  • VMPs without a certificate use a temporary identification that stops being valid on 22 January 2027.
  • The law defines a VMP as a vehicle with a single seat, but the sources read do not state a rule on passengers.
  • The DGT says VMP riders are subject to the same maximum alcohol rates as other drivers, and may not ride with drugs in the body.

Sources

  1. Boletín Oficial del Estado (BOE): Real Decreto 52/2026, de 28 de enero, por el que se modifica el Reglamento General de Vehículos para regular el Registro de Vehículos Personales Ligeros (consulted 9 October 2026) · all sources
  2. Boletín Oficial del Estado (BOE): Real Decreto 518/2026, de 24 de junio, por el que se modifica el Reglamento General de Circulación en materia de protección a usuarios vulnerables de la vía (consulted 9 October 2026) · all sources
  3. Boletín Oficial del Estado (BOE): Ley 5/2025, de 24 de julio, por la que se modifica el texto refundido de la Ley sobre responsabilidad civil y seguro en la circulación de vehículos a motor (consulted 9 October 2026) · all sources
  4. Dirección General de Tráfico (DGT): Vehículos de Movilidad Personal (VMP) (consulted 9 October 2026) · all sources
  5. Boletín Oficial del Estado (BOE): Real Decreto 1428/2003, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento General de Circulación (texto consolidado) (consulted 9 October 2026) · all sources

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General information, not legal advice. Rules change: check the official source before you fly or ride.